As a person who is interested in copyright law and how it impacts creators of all size, I read a lost of mainstream media reports on the subject.

While much of the reporting I see is at least reasonably good, many articles that simply make me want to scream in frustration as they simply get the facts about copyright completely wrong.

Though there are literally too many mistakes to count, I keep seeing the same few mistakes made over and over. So, as a service to my friends in the mainstream media, here is my top 4 mistakes that the MSM makes regarding copyright law when they are covering it.

4. A Takedown or Cease and Desist is Not a Lawsuit

Whenever there is a newsworthy copyright dispute that involves a DMCA takedown or a cease and desist letter being sent out, especially if it is controversial, at least one reporter takes it too far and says that the person was “sued” and not merely having the work removed or requesting it to be removed.

A DMCA notice and cease and desist letter involves little more than filing a notice, it does not require filing paperwork with a court or going through the motions of a lawsuit. Also, one does not receive damages from a mere notice.

Granted, many notices and cease and desist letters heavily threaten lawsuits, but one is not “sued” until the case is filed in a court, an important distinction, especially considering the majority of such notices never make it that far.

3. Copyright is, Usually, Not a Criminal Matter

Though it might seem to be a minor difference, it is a pretty important one in terms of the results to the defendant. Though there is a such thing as criminal copyright infirngement, it is rarely applied and nearly all copyright cases are civil matters. This means copyright infringers are usually not “convicted”, “sentenced”, etc. They are instead, “found liable” or “found to be infringing”. Likewise, damages are not the same as fines.

This one could actually be a serious mistake as saying (or at least implying) someone was convicted of a crime when they were not can have serious libel implications if someone wished to pursue it. Still, it is a subtle mistake that few others will notice, but it certainly is one that can and should be avoided.

2. Fair Use is Not a Right

This one is often just a difference in language but it is worth noting that fair use is not a right, it is a defense against a copyright infringement suit. Whenever reporters talk about someone asserting their right to fair use, it is somewhat misleading.

I don’t usually get too upset about this one as it is a language difference and there are many misnomers in copyright law that are well-tolerated, but it is a somewhat risky one as it gives people an impression that fair use is far more protective and expansive than it really is.

1. Trademarks and Patents are Not Copyright

This is one of the most common mistakes made and it is one of the most frustrating for me personally as it ruins my alerts and newsfeeds. Copyright, trademark and patent are three different, though at times overlapping, areas of IP law.

Yet, every time two companies get into a dispute over their names, such as the recent IHOP v. IHOP story, at least some of the reporters are inclined to say it is a copyright issue when the issue is clearly a trademark one. Copyright does not protect names, slogans, titles or similar works though they can be protected under trademark law if applicable.

Sometimes this is caused by lawsuits that sue for copyright infringement even when it doesn’t apply, usually though it is a reporter not understanding the difference between the three areas of the law and not reading the complaint thoroughly.

Bottom Line

In the end, most of these mistakes are fairly minor, other than potential libel issues in some cases, but they are annoying and they do feed a great deal of the misunderstandings and misinformation that exist around copyright law.

As journalists, one would expect them to be very familiar with the law and have a firm grasp of how it works, both as content creators and as people who use copyrighted works in their reporting. However, it is very clear that many do not.

So to the reporters doing good work in this area, and that includes many blogs and non-MSM sites, keep up the good work and to the reporters getting it wrong, it may be time for quick refresher in media law.

For smaller sites and blogs, one of the tougher challenges is obtaining or creating professional-quality content. This is especially true for news-related sites that often build upon content from mainstream media and major online news players as part of their own reporting.

Many have simply posted clips from videos or used snippets of articles and relied on fair use to protect them. While this strategy can be very effective, if done correctly, it doesn’t provide much security, especially as content creators get more aggressive in dealing with unwanted distribution of their work.

Voxant, however, feels they have a better solution. They have partnered with over 300 different news sources, including the Associated Press, Reuters and CBS, to provide free and legally embeddable videos, images and articles to blogs and Web sites, regardless of size.

Their site, Voxant Newsroom, not only opens up a slew of new content to bloggers, but also centralizes it into one place. making it easy to find whatever one is looking for while making it extremely easy to embed.

For Bloggers

For bloggers and other Web publishers, Voxant provides several very compelling reasons to look at its service.

1. Quality Content: The news-related content provided by Voxant is very high quality, the same routinely seen on mainstream media and other professional news sites. Many of the sources, including the AP and Reuters, were only previously available to very large partners who could afford subscriptions to the service.


2. Variety: Voxant has a very surprisingly large selection of content available on its site. With hundreds of thousands of items across a variety of subjects, it is possible to find video and articles on everything from business and politics to humor and entertainment.


3. Near Real-Time: Many sites that provide embedded content come with a delay between when the material hits other sites and is available for general use. Much of the content on Voxant’s site appears within a day of going live elsewhere. This makes it much easier to find current content to use.


4. Local Focus: Voxant also has over 100,000 video clips from local television station news broadcasts and includes material from cities such as Chicago, Denver, Dallas, Boston, St. Paul and more. May likely be the best option for bloggers with a local focus.


5. Profit Sharing: Unlike most sites that allow video embedding, Voxant shares profits with sites that republish the content they provide and do so at a set rate.

It has the potential to be a major boon for bloggers as they work to compete with larger news sites for visitors and subscribers.

For Content Creators

On the other side of the coin, content creators also have many good reasons to partner with Voxant. Not only do they earn a portion of the advertising revenues was well, which comes at zero cost to them since Voxant provides all of the hosting, Voxant also provides better protection for the content than most traditional content embedding services.

Videos embedded through Voxant can not be easily downloaded in FLV format, like YouTube clips can be, and all of the articles and images are embedded in Flash to avoid easy copying and pasting as well as allow for advertising insertion.

However, likely the most important reason for content creators to weigh using Voxant is due to the fact that the site allows an extremely high level of control and tracking. Their dashboard allows you not only to see how many times it has been viewed, but also where it is available and control the use of the content within the terms of the license.

This can help help news organizations maintain control over their intellectual property, even though it is hosted by Voxant and available for easy embedding.

Caveats and Concerns

But while the service Voxant provides with its Newsroom site is very impressive and provide many reasons to be excited, there are still some issues that add some friction to the experience.

1. Intimidating Licensing Terms: I am not someone easily put off by reading a license agreement but the Voxant agreement, especially as it is displayed in the small pop-up window, is very intimidating. However, this is something that they are working on in an upcoming update.


2. Limited Embed Options: Though they provide more options than most sites, it may be difficult finding an embed, especially for video, that looks good on your site. There is no way to currently manipulate colors or appearance of the player, something that may change in a future version.


3. No Editing: Where sites such as Hulu allow users to select a time range to target with their embed, Voxant does not currently provide that due to the wishes of their content partners.


4. Pure Flash: Though the heavy use of Flash is what enables Voxant to display ads against the content, it may frustrate some to note that both the articles and the images available for embedding are both done so using Flash and are not available in either clear text or jpg format. Other sites may be preferred content sources for those kinds of content.


5. Advertising Enforced: Many blogs do not wish to run ads on their site but, unlike YouTube and other embeds, Voxant forced advertising in all embedded content, even if the site does not participate in the revenue sharing program.

Conclusions

What is impressive about Voxant is not the technology behind it. Flash video streaming and embedding has been available on a variety of sites for quite some time and some sites, such as Blip.TV, provide more elegant players and tools.

Rather, what makes Voxant stand out is what it has achieved behind the scenes, getting hundreds of copyright holders, including many key industry players, to agree to have their content made available for free, legal embedding on a variety of sites.

This has opened up a new world of content to the general public and makes it possible for an average blogger to provide news and information once only available to major news outlets.

Best of all, by providing a compelling legal alternative, Voxant may be helping discourage content theft of these works and turning what might have been a copyright infringement into a mutually beneficial relationship.

It will be interesting to see if and how bloggers use this service and what impact it has on Web-based news reporting.

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But as hot as the debate is among bloggers, it is even more heated in the mainstream media. With millions of dollars invested in content creation and a root that is still firmly in the print and broadcast world, the traditional purveyors of news have far more to weigh when creating their RSS strategies.

So what decisions have they made? How have they decided to use RSS to distribute their content across the Web? In this article I’m going to evaluate twelve of the biggest names in the mainstream media and how they use this new technology.

Preface

Before delving into the analysis, a few caveats.

First, the RSS feed count is NOT a total count of all the feeds available on a site, but rather, the approximate number of feeds the company actively promotes. Many sites offer feeds not actively promoted and some offer custom RSS services akin to Technorati. Those are not counted.

Second, there is a difference between a synopsis feed and a partial feed. A partial feed pulls its content from the article itself where a synopsis feed is a specially-written summary for the feed itself.

Keep that information in mind as you read the details below.

Wire Services

Number of Feeds: 13
Style: Partial
Length: Less than fifty words.
Using FeedBurner: No
Autodiscovery on Home Page: No
Notes: The AP doesn’t seem very interested in RSS. It promotes 12 feeds actively plus another “Featured Feed” on their RSS page. The RSS page also contains some very basic subscription help and a very strict TOS that blocks almost all reuse of content. To make matters worse, there is no feed connected with the home page of their site and you have to look closely to find the link to the other feeds. Though they offer feeds for every section of the site, it is clear that they are not a featured product.
RSS-Friendly Rating: 3

Number of Feeds: 43
Style: Partial
Length: One Paragraph
Using FeedBurner: Yes
Autodiscovery on Home Page: Yes
Notes: RSS clearly plays a much larger role on the Reuters site. Not only do they offer 43 feeds, but their “Top News” feed is available via autodiscovery on their home page. Also, their RSS page is clearly marked in the sidebar with both text and an the RSS icon. They also offer very clear subscription instructions, which are further supported via the FeedBurner pages, and a clear terms of service.
RSS-Friendly Rating: 6

Number of Feeds: 1 (English)
Style: Partial
Length: One Paragraph
Using FeedBurner: No
Autodiscovery on Home Page: Yes
Notes: RSS clearly isn’t a big deal to the world’s oldest news agency. It offers only one feed, which can be autodiscovered on their home page, and a concise terms of service for it on their RSS page. All in all, their RSS strategy seems to be a complete void.
RSS-Friendly Rating: 2

Number of Feeds: 18
Style: Partial
Length: One Paragraph
Using FeedBurner: No
Autodiscovery on Home Page: Yes
Notes: UPI’s RSS page is clean, concise and has a decent number of feeds. Unfortunately, their link link to a request form to use their feeds on your site seems to be broken, linking back to their home page.The page itself works fine though, even if it is devoid of any effective RSS information and only contains a handful of chicklets for guidance.
RSS-Friendly Rating: 4

Television

Number of Feeds: 28
Style: Headline/Partial
Length: One Paragraph
Using FeedBurner: No
Autodiscovery on Home Page: Yes
Notes: Finding CNN’s RSS page is no small feat. However, it is not worth the effort. Though it contains, a good number of feeds, some decent explanation of RSS and a robust, if perhaps overly thorough, terms of service, the feeds are a disappointment. They alternate between headline-only and partial feeds, making them very difficult to use, even in a vanilla RSS reader.
RSS-Friendly Rating: 4

Number of Feeds: 26
Style: Synopsis
Length: One Sentence
Using FeedBurner: No
Autodiscovery on Home Page: No
Notes: The BBC’s home page does not have an autodiscovery feed and the link to their RSS page is fairly buried. However, the content on the page is very good, including a decent number of feeds, a clear terms of service and instructions of making custom feeds. They also have prominent links to other services including mobile alerts, email newsletters and podcasts. Though I am not sure how I feel about the synopsis feeds, my biggest issue is that they do not promote their feeds more.
RSS-Friendly Rating: 6

Number of Feeds: 15
Style: Synopsis/Partial
Length: One Sentence
Using FeedBurner: Yes
Autodiscovery on Home Page: Yes
Notes: Fox News readers must not use RSS heavily. The Fox News RSS page seems to be hastily thrown together with a very heavy-handed license that, while allowing reuse of their feed, places a lengthy set of restrictions. The feeds themselves are strange. Some stories seem to use the first paragraph from the story itself, others seem to be a synopsis.
RSS-Friendly Rating: 4

Number of Feeds: 147
Style: Synopsis
Length: One Sentence
Using FeedBurner: No
Autodiscovery on Home Page: Yes
Notes: Visiting the MSNBC RSS page can be very overwhelming. The page is actually spread across four sub-pages and contains a whopping 147 feeds. Though the page has some very good information about how to use RSS, it is strangely devoid of any terms of use. The feeds themselves are unique in that they include images embedded in them. The text is, generally, a short one-sentence synopsis of the article though some seemed to pull from the opening paragraph.
RSS-Friendly Rating: 6

Newspapers

Number of Feeds: 68 (Plus 15 Podcasts)
Style: Synopsis/Partial
Length: One Sentence/Approx. 50 Words
Using FeedBurner: No
Autodiscovery on Home Page: Yes
Notes: The New York Times RSS page is a robust collection of RSS feeds framed by good information about RSS and a solid terms of service. The site even offers a tool to embed their headlines into your site. Their feeds alternate between providing a one-sentence synopsis for news articles and a 50-word partial feed for blog entries.
RSS-Friendly Rating: 7

Number of Feeds: 184
Style: Synopsis/Partial
Length: One Sentence/One Paragraph/Several Paragraphs
Using FeedBurner: No
Autodiscovery on Home Page: No
Notes: The Washington Post claims to have over 150 RSS feeds on their RSS page. but a quick count locates a total of at least 184. The page itself includes some great information about subscribing to RSS feeds but no information regarding a terms of use. The main feeds themselves are synopsis feeds and, on rare occasion, include images. Some of the smaller feeds are partial encompassing the first paragraph and some of the opinion feeds seem to encompass several paragraphs of the entry, though never the whole item.
RSS-Friendly Rating: 7

Number of Feeds: 123
Style: Partial
Length: One Paragraph
Using FeedBurner: No
Autodiscovery on Home Page: Yes
Notes: The London Times RSS page is a lengthy list of well over 100 feeds in a variety of categories. The page includes some basic information on how to subscribe to RSS feeds though a terms of use is strangely missing. The feeds themselves are pretty cut and dry partial feeds using the first paragraph of the original article, this is true in all cases. The system could stand some improvement, but is overall pretty solid for MSM.
RSS-Friendly Rating: 6

Number of Feeds: 25
Style: Synopsis
Length: One Sentence
Using FeedBurner: No
Autodiscovery on Home Page: Yes
Notes: It is hard to tell exactly how many RSS feeds The Guardian has. It doesn’t display all of its feeds on its RSS page and, instead, sprinkles most of them throughout the site. The number above only represents the number promoted on the above page. Their RSS page, however, does provide some very basic information on subscribing to a feed though there is no information about a terms of use. The feeds themselves are straightforward one-sentence synopsis feeds.
RSS-Friendly Rating: 6

Trends

When looking at the evidence above, several trends become evident.

Conclusions

There weren’t many surprises for me as I sought to compile this list. The fact that the mainstream media is being very stingy with what it puts into its RSS feeds should shock no one reading this.

However, it is clear on closer examination that at least most of these companies are actively courting RSS subscribers and some are doing it somewhat well. It is clear that these companies do have an RSS feed strategy and are executing it.

Though we often think of the mainstream media as being dinosaurs in the digital age, they do seem to be making very real, if imperfect, efforts to catch up. Even though I didn’t feel comfortable giving any of the sites above a “7″ for their RSS friendliness, the quality of effort was still higher than I expected.

Now, if we could just overcome this pesky use of partial feeds, we might have something that even the staunches RSS reader can enjoy.